1880s


Events and Trends

   * About 300 000 Swedes emigrate to the United States.
   * First Boer War
   * First commercial production and sales of phonographs and phonograph
     recordings.
   * First steel frame construction "sky-scrapers"
   * The New Imperialism

Science and technology

   * James-Lange theory of emotion
   * Development and commercial production of electric lighting

World Leaders

   * Emperor Franz Josef (Austria-Hungary)
   * Emperor Wilhelm I (Germany)
   * Emperor Wilhelm II (Germany)
   * Chancellor Otto von Bismarck (Germany)
   * King Umberto I (Italy)
   * Pope Leo XIII
   * Emperor Alexander II (Russia)
   * Emperor Alexander III (Russia)
   * Queen Victoria (United Kingdom)
   * Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone (United Kingdom)
   * Prime Minister Lord Salisbury (United Kingdom)
   * President Rutherford B. Hayes (United States)
   * President Chester A. Arthur (United States)
   * President Grover Cleveland (United States)