1870s


Events and Trends

   * Invention of the telephone (1876) and phonograph (1877). See also the
     History of Science and Technology.
   * Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871). Reunification of Germany and Italy.
     France becomes a Republic.
   * Continuing expansion of the British Empire; beginning of the New
     Imperialism.

World Leaders

   * Emperor Franz Josef (Austria-Hungary)
   * Emperor Wilhelm I (Germany)
   * Chancellor Otto von Bismarck (Germany)
   * King Victor Emmanuel II (Italy)
   * King Umberto I (Italy)
   * Pope Pius IX
   * Pope Leo XIII
   * Emperor Alexander II (Russia)
   * Queen Victoria (United Kingdom)
   * Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone (United Kingdom)
   * Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli (United Kingdom)
   * President Ulysses S. Grant (United States)
   * President Rutherford B. Hayes (United States)