1820s


Events and Trends

   * Nationalistic independence movements helped reshape the world during
     this decade:
        o Greece gained independence from the Ottoman Empire.
        o Several countries declared their independence from Spain and
          Portugal:
             + Brazil
             + Colombia
             + Mexico
   * The United Provinces of Central America were formed in 1823.

World Leaders

   * Emperor Francis II (Austria)
   * Chancellor Klemens Wenzel von Metternich (Austria)
   * King Louis XVIII (France)
   * King Charles X (France)
   * Pope Pius VII
   * Pope Leo XII
   * Emperor Alexander I (Russia)
   * Emperor Nicholas I (Russia)
   * King George IV (United Kingdom)
   * President James Monroe (United States)
   * President John Quincy Adams (United States)