July 19


July 19 is the 200th day (201st in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian
Calendar, with 165 days remaining.

Events

   * 1553 - Lady Jane Grey is replaced by Mary I of England as Queen of
     England after having that title for just nine days.
   * 1848 - Women's rights: The two day Women's Rights Convention opens in
     Seneca Falls, New York and the "Bloomers" are introduced at the
     feminist convention.
   * 1862 - American Civil War: Morgan's Raid - At Buffington Island in
     Ohio, Confederate General John Hunt Morgan's raid into the north is
     mostly thwarted when a large group of his men are captured while trying
     to escape across the Ohio River.
   * 1870 - Franco-Prussian War: France declares war on Prussia.
   * 1879 - Doc Holliday kills for the first time after a man shots-up
     Holliday's New Mexico saloon.
   * 1942 - World War II: Battle of the Atlantic - German Grand Admiral Karl
     Doenitz orders the last U-boats to withdraw from their United States
     Atlantic coast postions in response to the an effective American convoy
     system.
   * 1943 - World War II: Rome is bombed by the Allies for the first time in
     the war.
   * 1948 - Games of the XIV Olympiad opened in London.
   * 1964 - Vietnam War: At a rally in Saigon, South Vietnamese Prime
     Minister Nguyen Khanh calls for expanding the war into North Vietnam.
   * 1979 - The Marxist Sandinistas take control of Nicaragua.
   * 1985 - US Vice President George H. W. Bush announces that New Hampshire
     teacher Christa McAuliffe will become the first schoolteacher to ride
     aboard the Space Shuttle (see Space Shuttle Challenger).
   * 1989 - A Douglas DC-10 carrying United Airlines flight 232 crashes in
     Sioux City, Iowa killing 112 but due to extraordinary efforts by the
     pilot and his crew, 184 on board survive.
   * 2001 - UK politician and novelist Jeffrey Archer, Lord Archer of
     Weston-Super-Mare, sentenced to four years in prison for perjury and
     perverting the course of justice.

Births

   * 1814 - Samuel Colt, inventor (+ 1862)
   * 1819 - Gottfried Keller, writer (+ 1890)
   * 1834 - Edgar Degas, impressionist painter (+ 1917)
   * 1860 - Lizzie Borden, accused murderess (+ 1927)
   * 1875 - Alice Dunbar Nelson, author, poet (+ 1935)
   * 1883 - Max Fleischer, animator, film producer (+ 1992)
   * 1896 - A.J. Cronin, writer (+ 1981)
   * 1898 - Herbert Marcuse, communist philosopher (+ 1979)
   * 1921 - Rosalyn Yalow, medical physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize
     in Physiology or Medicine 1977
   * 1922 - George McGovern, former US presidential candidate

Deaths

   * 1900 - King Umberto I of Italy assassinated
   * 1965 - Clyde Beatty, circus performer, big game hunter
   * 1965 - Syngman Rhee, first President of South Korea
   * 2003 - Pierre Graber, member of the Swiss Federal Council (*1908)

Holidays and observances

   * Malaysia - Birthday of Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Ng Sembilan
   * Myanmar - Martyr's Day
   * Nicaragua - National Liberation Day