July 1


July 1 is the 182nd day of the year (183rd in leap years) in the Gregorian
Calendar, with 183 days remaining.

Events

   * 1782 - American privateers attack Lunenberg Nova Scotia.
   * 1863 - Battle of Gettysburg in the American Civil War begins.
   * 1867 - The British North America Act takes effect as the constitution
     of Canada, creating the Canadian Confederation; John A. Macdonald sworn
     as first Prime Minister.
   * 1870 - The United States Department of Justice formally comes into
     existence.
   * 1873 - Prince Edward Island joins the Canadian Confederation.
   * 1878 - Canada joins Universal Postal Union.
   * 1881 - World's first international telephone call, between St Stephen
     New Brunswick and Calais Maine
   * 1885 - United States terminates reciprocity and fishery agreement with
     Canada.
   * 1890 - Canada and Bermuda linked by telegraph cable.
   * 1904 - Games of the III Olympiad open in Saint Louis, Missouri
   * 1916 - First day of the First Battle of the Somme. On this first day,
     20,000 soldiers of the British Army are killed, and 40,000 wounded.
     Lasts until November; about one million casualties.
   * 1923 - Canadian Parliament suspends all Chinese immigration.
   * 1935 - Regina Saskatchewan police and Royal Canadian Mounted Police
     ambush strikers participating in On-to-Ottawa-Trek.
   * 1958 - Nationwide television broadcasts via microwave begin in Canada
   * 1962 - Independence of Rwanda and Burundi.
   * 1963 - Zip code introduced for United States mail
   * 1966 - First colour television transmission in Canada, from Toronto.
   * 1968 - Nuclear non-proliferation treaty signed by about sixty countries
     in Geneva Switzerland
   * 1980 - O Canada officially becomes the national anthem of Canada.
   * 1991 - The Warsaw Pact is officially dissolved.
   * 1996 - Version 1.0 of PNG, an open source competitor to the GIF image
     format, is finalised.
   * 1997 - The United Kingdom hands sovereignty over Hong Kong to the
     People's Republic of China
   * 2003 - Five hundred thousand people march in Hong Kong to protest the
     rush into legislation of Hong Kong Basic Law Article 23, the
     anti-subversion law.

Births

   * 1646 - Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, mathematician, philosopher (+ 1716)
   * 1804 - George Sand (Amantine Aurore Lucile Dupin), writer (+ 1876)
   * 1863 - William Stairs, Victorian explorer -(+ 1892)
   * 1872 - Louis Blˇriot, first man to fly across the English channel (+
     1936)
   * 1899 - Charles Laughton, Academy Award winning actor (+1962)
   * 1899 - Thomas A. Dorsey, father of gospel music
   * 1902 - William Wyler, three-time Academy Award winning director (+
     1981)
   * 1903 - Amy Johnson, aviator (+ 1941)
   * 1916 - Olivia deHaviland, actress
   * 1917 - Rolf Rodenstock, industrialist (+ 1977)
   * 1931 - Leslie Caron, actress
   * 1934 - Jean Marsh, actress, originator of Upstairs Downstairs
   * 1934 - Sydney Pollack, film director, producer, actor
   * 1942 - Andraˇ Crouch, singer, conductor, actor
   * 1942 - Genevi¸ve Bujold, actor
   * 1945 - Deborah Harry, musician, Blondie
   * 1952 - Dan Aykroyd, actor
   * 1961 - Diana, English princess (+ 1997)
   * 1961 - Michelle Wright, singer/guitarist, songwriter, drummer
   * 1967 - Pamela Anderson, actress
   * 1977 - Liv Tyler, American film actress.

Deaths

   * 1894 - Allan Pinkerton, founder Pinkerton Agency
   * 1896 - Harriet Beecher Stowe, author
   * 1925 - Erik Satie, French composer
   * 1964 - Pierre Monteux, conductor
   * 1983 - R. Buckminster Fuller, architect, philosopher
   * 1991 - Michael Landon, actor, director, producer
   * 1997 - Robert Mitchum, actor
   * 1999 - Edward Dmytryk, director
   * 2000 - Walter Matthau, 79, American actor
   * 2003 - Herbie Mann, jazz flautist

Holidays and observances

   * Canada Day (formerly Dominion Day) - national holiday of Canada
   * Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Establishment Day